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Standard

IEEE 81.2-1991

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Abstract

New IEEE Standard - Inactive-Withdrawn. Practical instrumentation methods are presented for measuring the ac characteristics of large, extended or interconnected grounding systems. Measurements of impedance to remote earth, step and touch potentials, and current distributions are covered for grounding systems ranging in complexity from small grids (less than 900m 2), with only a few connected overhead or direct burial bare concentric (2) neutrals, to large grids (greater than 20 000m 2), with many connected neutrals, overhead ground wires (sky wires), counterpoises, grid tie conductors, cable shields, and metallic pipes. This standard addresses measurement safety; earth-return mutual errors; low-current measurements; power-system staged faults; communication and control cable transfer impedance; current distribution (current splits) in the grounding system; step, touch, mesh, and profile measurements; the foot-equivalent electrode earth resistance; and instrumentation characteristics and limitations.

Products specifications

  • Standard from IEEE
  • Published:
  • Withdrawn:
  • Document type: IS
  • Pages
  • Publisher: IEEE
  • Distributor: IEEE
  • ICS: 29.120.50
  • National Committee: IEEE Power and Energy Society / Substations

Product Relations

  • Referred by: IEEE 367-2012
  • Referred by: IEEE 367-2012
  • Referred by: IEEE 487-2007
  • Refers: IEEE 487-1992
  • Referred by: IEEE 487-1992
  • Refers: IEEE 367-1987
  • Refers: IEEE 80-1986
  • Refers: IEEE 81-1983
  • Refers: [5] Duke, C. and Smith, L. "Ground Impedance Component Measurement," AIEE Conference Paper, CCC, pp. 714-720, 1957.
  • Refers: , vol. 77, Part I, pp. 767-770, 1958.
  • Refers: [14] Velazquez, R., Reynolds, P.H., and Mukhedkar, D. "Earth-Return Mutual Coupling Effects in Ground Resistance, Measurements of Extended Grids," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. PAS-102, no. 6, pp.1850-1857, Jun. 1983
  • Refers: Return Conductors," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery , vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 103-113, Jan. 1989.
  • Refers: [9] Patel, S. G. "A Complete Field Analysis of Substation Ground Grid by Applying Continuous Low Voltage Fault," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. PAS-104, pp. 2238-43, Aug. 1985.
  • Refers: [8] Meyer, W. S. and Dommel, H. W. "Telephone-Interference Calculation for Multiconductor Power Lines," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. PAS-88, no. 1, pp. 35-41, Jan. 1969.
  • Refers: [11] Rogers, E. J. and White, J. F. "Mutual Coupling Between Finite Lengths of Parallel or Angled Horizontal Earth
  • Refers: [12] Sorbal, S. T., Harta Santos, J. J., and Mukhedkar, D. "A Proposal for Ground Measurement Techniques in Substations Fed Exclusively by Cables," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery , vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1403-09, Oct. 1988.
  • Refers: [10] Rogers, E. J. "Instrumentation Techniques in High Voltage and Substations; Part 1, Measuring, Triggering, and Interference Reduction; Part 2, Measuring Devices and Circuits," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems , vol. PAS-92, no. 1, pp. 127-138, Jan./Feb. 1973.
  • Refers: [13] Steinmetz, C. P.Engineering Mathematics. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1917.
  • Refers: [6] Duke, C. and Smith, L. "The Technique and Instrumentation of Low-Impedance Ground Measurement," AIEE Transactions
  • Refers: [7] EPRI EL-904, Mutual Design Considerations for Overhead AC Transmission Lines and Gas Transmission Pipelines. Project PRI32-80.